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ALI IBN KHALAF AL-MURADI 1000 AD

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He lived in Islamic Spain and can be considered as both a scientist and engineer. He was also a mathematician and astronomer, belonging to a highly respected scientific circle called “Ṣāʿid al- Andalusī”.
His mechanical designs were advanced compared to European water mills of the same era. He designed complicated clocks and other innovative devices. He was the author of ‘The Book of Secrets about the Result of Thought’. This is a technical book, that included thirty one of his designs for water clocks, automata, mechanical calendars and war machines. His book also includes designs for lift water from wells and a portable sundial. All his devices required complex mechanisms (including gears, syphons and float valves) and were driven by a constant flow of water.
His book includes the first recorded description of segmental and epicyclical gears. It is believed that Leonardo DaVinci read and studied his book, which is still kept in Florence.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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